Here is a structured outline of English Grammar for Class 8 based on typical school curricula. It includes essential topics, brief explanations, and examples to help students understand the concepts.
📘 Class 8 English Grammar Topics
1. Parts of Speech
- Noun – Names of people, places, things, ideas.
E.g., Ram, city, book - Pronoun – Replaces a noun.
E.g., he, she, it - Adjective – Describes a noun.
E.g., big, beautiful - Verb – Shows action or state.
E.g., run, is - Adverb – Describes a verb, adjective, or another adverb.
E.g., quickly, very - Preposition – Shows relation between noun/pronoun and other words.
E.g., on, under, beside - Conjunction – Connects words or clauses.
E.g., and, but, because - Interjection – Expresses emotions.
E.g., Wow! Oh no!
2. Tenses
- Present (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous)
- Past (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous)
- Future (Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous)
E.g., She will go to school tomorrow (Future Simple).
3. Subject-Verb Agreement
- The verb must agree with the subject in number and person.
E.g., He runs, They run.
4. Active and Passive Voice
- Active: The subject does the action.
E.g., She writes a letter. - Passive: The action is received by the subject.
E.g., A letter is written by her.
5. Direct and Indirect Speech
- Direct: Quoting the exact words.
He said, “I am tired.” - Indirect: Reporting the speech.
He said that he was tired.
6. Sentence Types
- Declarative – Statement
- Interrogative – Question
- Imperative – Command or request
- Exclamatory – Strong feeling
E.g., What a beautiful day!
7. Clauses and Phrases
- Phrase – A group of words without subject-verb.
- Clause – Has a subject and verb.
E.g., When she arrived (clause), in the evening (phrase).
8. Modals
- Help verbs expressing ability, permission, possibility, necessity.
E.g., can, could, should, must, may
9. Prepositions
- Show location, direction, time.
E.g., at, in, on, under, between
10. Conjunctions
- Join two ideas.
E.g., because, although, while, and
11. Determiners
- Words placed before nouns to clarify them.
E.g., some, many, the, this, those
12. Punctuation
- Use of capital letters, commas, periods, question marks, etc.
E.g., “Where are you going?” she asked.
13. Transformation of Sentences
- Change sentences from one form to another:
- Affirmative ↔ Negative
- Assertive ↔ Interrogative
- Direct ↔ Indirect speech
- Active ↔ Passive voice
14. Editing and Omission
- Correcting errors or filling in missing words in a passage.
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